ACP Journal Club. Review: Thiazide, citrate, or allopurinol reduces recurrence after ≥ 2 kidney stone episodes.

Review scope Included studies compared dietary and/or pharmacologic interventions with placebo, usual care, no treatment, or other active treatment in adults ≥ 18 years of age who had a history of ≥ 1 kidney stone episode. Pharmacologic interventions included prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, and supplements available in the USA. Follow-up had to be ≥ 12 months for clinical outcomes and ≥ 3 months for adverse events. Studies of prescription medications not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and studies of patients who had undergone lithotripsy within 90 days, unless they were stone-free, were excluded. Outcomes included radiographic, symptomatic, and composite (symptomatic or radiographic) stone recurrence.